logger = get_task_logger(__name__)

@app.task(bind=True)
def add(self, x, y):
    logger.info(self.request.id)

import celery

class MyTask(celery.Task):

    def on_failure(self, exc, task_id, args, kwargs, einfo):
        print('{0!r} failed: {1!r}'.format(task_id, exc))

@app.task(base=MyTask)
def add(x, y):
    raise KeyError()

project/
       /__init__.py
       /celery.py
       /moduleA/
               /__init__.py
               /tasks.py
       /moduleB/
               /__init__.py
               /tasks.py

from celery import Celery

class MyCelery(Celery):

    def gen_task_name(self, name, module):
        if module.endswith('.tasks'):
            module = module[:-6]
        return super().gen_task_name(name, module)

app = MyCelery('main')

@app.task(bind=True)
def dump_context(self, x, y):
    print('Executing task id {0.id}, args: {0.args!r} kwargs: {0.kwargs!r}'.format(
            self.request))

import sys

logger = get_task_logger(__name__)

@app.task(bind=True)
def add(self, x, y):
    old_outs = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    rlevel = self.app.conf.worker_redirect_stdouts_level
    try:
        self.app.log.redirect_stdouts_to_logger(logger, rlevel)
        print('Adding {0} + {1}'.format(x, y))
        return x + y
    finally:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = old_outs

import celery
import logging

@celery.signals.after_setup_logger.connect
def on_after_setup_logger(**kwargs):
    logger = logging.getLogger('celery')
    logger.propagate = True
    logger = logging.getLogger('celery.app.trace')
    logger.propagate = True

import celery

@celery.signals.setup_logging.connect
def on_setup_logging(**kwargs):
    pass

>>> @app.task
... def add(x, y):
...     return x + y

# Calling the task with two arguments works:
>>> add.delay(8, 8)
<AsyncResult: f59d71ca-1549-43e0-be41-4e8821a83c0c>

# Calling the task with only one argument fails:
>>> add.delay(8)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "celery/app/task.py", line 376, in delay
    return self.apply_async(args, kwargs)
  File "celery/app/task.py", line 485, in apply_async
    check_arguments(*(args or ()), **(kwargs or {}))
TypeError: add() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)

>>> @app.task(typing=False)
... def add(x, y):
...     return x + y

# Works locally, but the worker receiving the task will raise an error.
>>> add.delay(8)
<AsyncResult: f59d71ca-1549-43e0-be41-4e8821a83c0c>

>>> add.apply_async((2, 3), argsrepr='(<secret-x>, <secret-y>)')

>>> charge.s(account, card='1234 5678 1234 5678').set(
...     kwargsrepr=repr({'card': '**** **** **** 5678'})
... ).delay()

@app.task(bind=True, default_retry_delay=30 * 60)  # retry in 30 minutes.
def add(self, x, y):
    try:
        something_raising()
    except Exception as exc:
        # overrides the default delay to retry after 1 minute
        raise self.retry(exc=exc, countdown=60)

from twitter.exceptions import FailWhaleError

@app.task(autoretry_for=(FailWhaleError,))
def refresh_timeline(user):
    return twitter.refresh_timeline(user)

@app.task(autoretry_for=(FailWhaleError,),
          retry_kwargs={'max_retries': 5})
def refresh_timeline(user):
    return twitter.refresh_timeline(user)

@app.task
def refresh_timeline(user):
    try:
        twitter.refresh_timeline(user)
    except FailWhaleError as exc:
        raise refresh_timeline.retry(exc=exc, max_retries=5)

@app.task(autoretry_for=(Exception,))
def x():
    ...

from requests.exceptions import RequestException

@app.task(autoretry_for=(RequestException,), retry_backoff=True)
def x():
    ...

class BaseTaskWithRetry(Task):
    autoretry_for = (TypeError,)
    max_retries = 5
    retry_backoff = True
    retry_backoff_max = 700
    retry_jitter = False

from typing import Optional

# models are the same as above

@app.task(pydantic=True)
def x(arg: Optional[ArgModel] = None) -> Optional[ReturnModel]:
    if arg is None:
        return None
    return ReturnModel(value=f"example: {arg.value}")

 >>> result = x.delay()
>>> result.get(timeout=1) is None
True
>>> result = x.delay({'value': 1})
>>> result.get(timeout=1)
{'value': 'example: 1'}

@app.task(bind=True)
def upload_files(self, filenames):
    for i, file in enumerate(filenames):
        if not self.request.called_directly:
            self.update_state(state='PROGRESS',
                meta={'current': i, 'total': len(filenames)})

# OK:
class HttpError(Exception):
    pass

# BAD:
class HttpError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, status_code):
        self.status_code = status_code

# OK:
class HttpError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, status_code):
        self.status_code = status_code
        Exception.__init__(self, status_code)  # <-- REQUIRED

class HttpError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, status_code, headers=None, body=None):
        self.status_code = status_code
        self.headers = headers
        self.body = body

        super(HttpError, self).__init__(status_code, headers, body)

from celery.exceptions import Ignore

@app.task(bind=True)
def some_task(self):
    if redis.ismember('tasks.revoked', self.request.id):
        raise Ignore()

from celery import states
from celery.exceptions import Ignore

@app.task(bind=True)
def get_tweets(self, user):
    timeline = twitter.get_timeline(user)
    if not self.request.called_directly:
        self.update_state(state=states.SUCCESS, meta=timeline)
    raise Ignore()

import errno
from celery.exceptions import Reject

@app.task(bind=True, acks_late=True)
def render_scene(self, path):
    file = get_file(path)
    try:
        renderer.render_scene(file)

    # if the file is too big to fit in memory
    # we reject it so that it's redelivered to the dead letter exchange
    # and we can manually inspect the situation.
    except MemoryError as exc:
        raise Reject(exc, requeue=False)
    except OSError as exc:
        if exc.errno == errno.ENOMEM:
            raise Reject(exc, requeue=False)

    # For any other error we retry after 10 seconds.
    except Exception as exc:
        raise self.retry(exc, countdown=10)

from celery.exceptions import Reject

@app.task(bind=True, acks_late=True)
def requeues(self):
    if not self.request.delivery_info['redelivered']:
        raise Reject('no reason', requeue=True)
    print('received two times')

from celery import Task

class NaiveAuthenticateServer(Task):

    def __init__(self):
        self.users = {'george': 'password'}

    def run(self, username, password):
        try:
            return self.users[username] == password
        except KeyError:
            return False

from celery import Task

class DatabaseTask(Task):
    _db = None

    @property
    def db(self):
        if self._db is None:
            self._db = Database.connect()
        return self._db

重要

要点：

• 所有处理方法与任务本身运行在同一个 worker 进程中。

• before_start 会阻塞任务，在它结束之前 run() 不会开始。

• 结果后端在 on_success/on_failure 之前更新，因此处理方法仍在运行时，其他客户端可能已经看到任务完成。

• 任务到达终态时才执行 after_return；对于 RETRY、REJECTED 或 IGNORED 不会执行。如果需要每次尝试都触发的hook，应使用 task_postrun 信号。

import logging
from celery import Task
from celery.worker.request import Request

logger = logging.getLogger('my.package')

class MyRequest(Request):
    'A minimal custom request to log failures and hard time limits.'

    def on_timeout(self, soft, timeout):
        super(MyRequest, self).on_timeout(soft, timeout)
        if not soft:
           logger.warning(
               'A hard timeout was enforced for task %s',
               self.task.name
           )

    def on_failure(self, exc_info, send_failed_event=True, return_ok=False):
        super().on_failure(
            exc_info,
            send_failed_event=send_failed_event,
            return_ok=return_ok
        )
        logger.warning(
            'Failure detected for task %s',
            self.task.name
        )

class MyTask(Task):
    Request = MyRequest  # you can use a FQN 'my.package:MyRequest'

@app.task(base=MyTask)
def some_longrunning_task():
    # use your imagination

@app.task(ignore_result=True)
def mytask():
    something()

@app.task
def mytask(x, y):
    return x + y

# No result will be stored
result = mytask.apply_async((1, 2), ignore_result=True)
print(result.get()) # -> None

# Result will be stored
result = mytask.apply_async((1, 2), ignore_result=False)
print(result.get()) # -> 3

@app.task
def update_page_info(url):
    page = fetch_page.delay(url).get()
    info = parse_page.delay(page).get()
    store_page_info.delay(url, info)

@app.task
def fetch_page(url):
    return myhttplib.get(url)

@app.task
def parse_page(page):
    return myparser.parse_document(page)

@app.task
def store_page_info(url, info):
    return PageInfo.objects.create(url, info)

def update_page_info(url):
    # fetch_page -> parse_page -> store_page
    chain = fetch_page.s(url) | parse_page.s() | store_page_info.s(url)
    chain()

@app.task()
def fetch_page(url):
    return myhttplib.get(url)

@app.task()
def parse_page(page):
    return myparser.parse_document(page)

@app.task(ignore_result=True)
def store_page_info(info, url):
    PageInfo.objects.create(url=url, info=info)

@app.task
def update_page_info(url):
    page = fetch_page.delay(url).get(disable_sync_subtasks=False)
    info = parse_page.delay(page).get(disable_sync_subtasks=False)
    store_page_info.delay(url, info)

@app.task
def fetch_page(url):
    return myhttplib.get(url)

@app.task
def parse_page(page):
    return myparser.parse_document(page)

@app.task
def store_page_info(url, info):
    return PageInfo.objects.create(url, info)

Clay Breshears，《The Art of Concurrency》，第2.2.1节。O’Reilly Media, Inc.，2009年5月15日。ISBN-13：978-0-596-52153-0。

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField()
    body = models.TextField()

@app.task
def expand_abbreviations(article):
    article.body.replace('MyCorp', 'My Corporation')
    article.save()

>>> article = Article.objects.get(id=102)
>>> expand_abbreviations.delay(article)

@app.task
def expand_abbreviations(article_id):
    article = Article.objects.get(id=article_id)
    article.body.replace('MyCorp', 'My Corporation')
    article.save()

>>> expand_abbreviations.delay(article_id)

from django.db import transaction
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

@transaction.atomic
def create_article(request):
    article = Article.objects.create()
    expand_abbreviations.delay(article.pk)
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/articles/')

from django.db import transaction
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

@transaction.atomic
def create_article(request):
    article = Article.objects.create()
    expand_abbreviations.delay_on_commit(article.pk)
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/articles/')

注意

Django 1.9及更新版本提供 on_commit。使用更旧版本时，可以通过 django-transaction-hooks 库增加支持。

from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _


class Comment(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(_('name'), max_length=64)
    email_address = models.EmailField(_('email address'))
    homepage = models.URLField(_('home page'),
                               blank=True, verify_exists=False)
    comment = models.TextField(_('comment'))
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(_('Published date'),
                                    editable=False, auto_add_now=True)
    is_spam = models.BooleanField(_('spam?'),
                                  default=False, editable=False)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('comment')
        verbose_name_plural = _('comments')

from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template.context import RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render_to_response

from blog import tasks
from blog.models import Comment


class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Comment


def add_comment(request, slug, template_name='comments/create.html'):
    post = get_object_or_404(Entry, slug=slug)
    remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')

    if request.method == 'post':
        form = CommentForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            comment = form.save()
            # Check spam asynchronously.
            tasks.spam_filter.delay(comment_id=comment.id,
                                    remote_addr=remote_addr)
            return HttpResponseRedirect(post.get_absolute_url())
    else:
        form = CommentForm()

    context = RequestContext(request, {'form': form})
    return render_to_response(template_name, context_instance=context)

from celery import Celery

from akismet import Akismet

from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.contrib.sites.models import Site

from blog.models import Comment


app = Celery(broker='amqp://')


@app.task
def spam_filter(comment_id, remote_addr=None):
    logger = spam_filter.get_logger()
    logger.info('Running spam filter for comment %s', comment_id)

    comment = Comment.objects.get(pk=comment_id)
    current_domain = Site.objects.get_current().domain
    akismet = Akismet(settings.AKISMET_KEY, 'http://{0}'.format(domain))
    if not akismet.verify_key():
        raise ImproperlyConfigured('Invalid AKISMET_KEY')


    is_spam = akismet.comment_check(user_ip=remote_addr,
                        comment_content=comment.comment,
                        comment_author=comment.name,
                        comment_author_email=comment.email_address)
    if is_spam:
        comment.is_spam = True
        comment.save()

    return is_spam